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5120296 
Journal Article 
Chemical Characterization of Mainstream Smoke from SPECTRUM Variable Nicotine Research Cigarettes 
Ding, YS; Richter, P; Hearn, B; Zhang, L; Bravo, R; Yan, X; Perez, JJ; Chan, M; Hughes, J; Chen, P; Chen, W; Wong, J; Holmberg, S; Smith, S; Larango, M; Valentín-Blasini, L; Watson, CH 
2017 
3 
1 
81-94 
English 
28220149 
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to characterize mainstream smoke constituent deliveries from SPECTRUM variable nicotine research cigarettes under 2 machine smoking regimens. SPECTRUM cigarettes are manufactured by the 22nd Century company for the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health to contain varying (including reduced) levels of nicotine.

METHODS: Mainstream smoke constituent deliveries of "tar," nicotine, carbon monoxide, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)), benzo[a]pyrene, aromatic amines, and carbonyls were analyzed in 23 varieties of SPECTRUM cigarettes using ISO 17025 accredited methods.

RESULTS: Data are presented as means and standard deviations of 5 replicates for all analytes.

CONCLUSIONS: Under the ISO smoking regimen, mean levels of many smoke emissions for SPECTRUM varieties were comparable to the 3R4F research cigarette. Calculated SPECTRUM elasticity ranged from 1.6 to 4.0. Accordingly, under intense machine smoking conditions differences in emissions of SPECTRUM cigarettes were apparent. In addition, NNN increased with smoke nicotine while the same rate of change was not seen for NNK. It is important to monitor levels of chemicals of public health concern and regulatory interest as technologies emerge to reduce levels of nicotine or other targeted chemicals in tobacco products.