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521590 
Journal Article 
T-vector direction differentiates postpacing from ischemic T-wave inversion in precordial leads 
Shvilkin, A; Ho, KKL; Rosen, MR; Josephson, ME 
2005 
Yes 
Circulation
ISSN: 0009-7322
EISSN: 1524-4539 
111 
8 
969-974 
English 
Background - Postpacing precordial T-wave inversion (TWI), known as cardiac memory (CM), mimics ischemic precordial TWI, and there are no established ECG criteria that adequately distinguish between the two. On the basis of CM properties (postpacing sinus rhythm T vector approaching the direction of the paced QRS vector), we hypothesized that CM induced by right ventricular pacing would manifest a TWI pattern different from that of precordial ischemic TWI, thereby discriminating between the two. Methods and Results - T-wave axis, polarity, and amplitude on a 12-lead ECG during sinus rhythm were compared between CM and ischemic patients. The CM group incorporated 13 patients who were paced in DDD mode with short atrioventricular delay for 1 week after elective pacemaker implantation. The ischemic group consisted of 47 patients with precordial TWI identified among 228 consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for an acute coronary syndrome. The combination of (1) positive T-aVL, (2) positive or isoelectric T-I, and (3) maximal precordial TWI > TWIIII was 92% sensitive and 100% specific for CM, discriminating it from ischemic precordial TWI. Conclusions - CM induced by right ventricular pacing results in a distinctive T-vector pattern that allows discrimination from ischemic precordial T-wave inversions regardless of the coronary artery involved. 
electrocardiography; pacing; ischemia; right-ventricular outflow; term cardiac memory; myocardial-infarction; coronary-artery; canine heart; calcium