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Citation
Tags
HERO ID
5423356
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Whole Genome Amplification and Reduced-Representation Genome Sequencing of Schistosoma japonicum Miracidia
Author(s)
Shortt, JA; Card, DC; Schield, DR; Liu, Y; Zhong, B; Castoe, TA; Carlton, EJ; Pollock, DD
Year
2017
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
ISSN:
1935-2727
EISSN:
1935-2735
Volume
11
Issue
1
Page Numbers
e0005292
Language
English
PMID
28107347
DOI
10.1371/journal.pntd.0005292
Web of Science Id
WOS:000394152000060
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
In areas where schistosomiasis control programs have been implemented, morbidity and prevalence have been greatly reduced. However, to sustain these reductions and move towards interruption of transmission, new tools for disease surveillance are needed. Genomic methods have the potential to help trace the sources of new infections, and allow us to monitor drug resistance. Large-scale genotyping efforts for schistosome species have been hindered by cost, limited numbers of established target loci, and the small amount of DNA obtained from miracidia, the life stage most readily acquired from humans. Here, we present a method using next generation sequencing to provide high-resolution genomic data from S. japonicum for population-based studies.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:
We applied whole genome amplification followed by double digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) to individual S. japonicum miracidia preserved on Whatman FTA cards. We found that we could effectively and consistently survey hundreds of thousands of variants from 10,000 to 30,000 loci from archived miracidia as old as six years. An analysis of variation from eight miracidia obtained from three hosts in two villages in Sichuan showed clear population structuring by village and host even within this limited sample.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:
This high-resolution sequencing approach yields three orders of magnitude more information than microsatellite genotyping methods that have been employed over the last decade, creating the potential to answer detailed questions about the sources of human infections and to monitor drug resistance. Costs per sample range from $50-$200, depending on the amount of sequence information desired, and we expect these costs can be reduced further given continued reductions in sequencing costs, improvement of protocols, and parallelization. This approach provides new promise for using modern genome-scale sampling to S. japonicum surveillance, and could be applied to other schistosome species and other parasitic helminthes.
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