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5676881 
Journal Article 
Review 
Advanced fabrication approaches to controlled delivery systems for epilepsy treatment 
van Tienderen, GS; Berthel, M; Yue, Z; Cook, M; Liu, X; Beirne, S; Wallace, GG 
2018 
Yes 
Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery
ISSN: 1742-5247
EISSN: 1744-7593 
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD 
ABINGDON 
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 
15 
9 
915-925 
English 
30169981 
WOS:000444814300007 
INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease characterized by unprovoked seizures, which can have severe consequences including loss of awareness and death. Currently, 30% of epileptic patients do not receive adequate seizure alleviation from oral routes of medication. Over the last decade, local drug delivery to the focal area of the brain where the seizure originates has emerged as a potential alternative and may be achieved through the fabrication of drug-loaded polymeric implants for controlled on-site delivery.

AREAS COVERED: This review presents an overview of the latest advanced fabrication techniques for controlled drug delivery systems for refractory epilepsy treatment. Recent advances in the different techniques are highlighted and the limitations of the respective techniques are discussed.

EXPERT OPINION: Advances in biofabrication technologies are expected to enable a new paradigm of local drug delivery systems through offering high versatility in controlling drug release profiles, personalized customization and multi-drug incorporation. Tackling some of the current issues with advanced fabrication methods, including adhering to GMP-standards and industrial scale-up, together with innovative solutions for complex designs will see to the maturation of these techniques and result in increased clinical research into implant-based epilepsy treatment.

ABBREVIATIONS: GMP: Good manufacturing process; DDS(s): Drug delivery system(s); 3D: Three-dimensional; AEDs: Anti-epileptic drugs; BBB: Blood brain barrier; PLA: Polylactic acid; PLGA: Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); PCL: poly(ɛ-caprolactone); ESE: Emulsification solvent evaporation; O/W: Oil-in-water; W/O/W: Water-in-oil-in-water; DZP: Diazepam; PHT: Phenytoin; PHBV: Poly(hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate); PEG: Polyethylene glycol; SWD: Spike-and-wave discharges; CAD: Computer aided design; FDM: Fused deposition modeling; ABS: Acrylonitrile butadiene styren; eEVA: Ethylene-vinyl acetate; GelMA: Gelatin methacrylate; PVA: Poly-vinyl alcohol; PDMS: Polydimethylsiloxane; SLA: Stereolithography; SLS: Selective laser sintering. 
Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Delivery Systems/methods; Drug Liberation; Epilepsy/drug therapy; Polyesters/chemistry; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry; Polymers/chemistry; Advanced fabrication; controlled drug delivery systems; epilepsy; implant drug delivery; three-dimensional printing; 3WJQ0SDW1A; 459TN2L5F5