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5940585 
Book/Book Chapter 
Ammonia emission and possibilities for its reduction in dairy cow houses: A review of Dutch developments 
Monteny, GJ; Kant, PPH 
1997 
Nederlandse Vereniging Techniek in de Landbouw 
Rosmalen, Netherlands 
Ammonia and odour emissions from animal production facilities: Proceedings 
355-364 
English 
WOS:000071407600042 
Ammonia, mainly originating from livestock production, contributes to environmental pollution. Cattle husbandry is responsible for more than 50% of the total ammonia emission in Europe. Absolute emission from dairy cow housing systems may be smaller than from other sources in cattle husbandry, such as slurry application and grazing. Still, in several countries (e.g. the Netherlands), there is a tendency towards legislation to reduce ammonia emission from cattle and other livestock housing systems in order to reach emission and deposition goals set to minimize environmental acidification. Dairy cow housing systems can be categorized as loose housing and tie stalls. Differences occur in floor type and waste collection system. Ammonia emission levels for loose housing systems tend to be higher (25-45 g day(-1) per cow) than for tie stalls (9-27 g day(-1) per cow), although ranges in emissions - especially for loose housing systems - are reasonably large.

Possibilities for reduction of the ammonia emission from daily cow housing systems are based upon affecting one or more of the parameters relevant for the production and volatilization of ammonia inside the house. Flushing with water has a reasonably small effect on the ammonia emission (maximum 17% reduction). Significant emission reductions were reported for flushing with diluted formalin (50% when applied on slatted floors and 80% for solid floors), slurry acidification (37%), feeding strategies (39%) and V-shaped, solid floors (50%). Before application of these measures in practice, several drawbacks will have to be solved. 
Voermans, JAM; Monteny, GJ 
9789090110592 
Symposium on Ammonia and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities 
Vinkeloord, Netherlands 
October 6-10, 1997