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6113110 
Journal Article 
BIOLOGICAL CONVERSION OF COAL AND COAL-DERIVED SYNTHESIS GAS 
Klasson, KT; Ackerson, MD; Clausen, EC; Gaddy, JL 
1993 
1 
Fuel
ISSN: 0016-2361
EISSN: 1873-7153 
72 
12 
1673-1678 
WOS:A1993MJ23700016 
Recent research has resulted in a number of promising biological pathways to produce clean fuels from coal. These processes all involve two or more steps: either the biosolubilization of coal, followed by bioconversion to ethanol or methane; or conversion of coal to synthesis gas, followed by bioconversion into alcohols or methane. Sulfur may also be removed from the solubilized coal or synthesis gas in a separate, or concurrent, biological step. This paper presents research results from both the direct and indirect conversion of coal to liquid fuels using biological processes. A review of direct conversion techniques in producing liquid fuels from coal in a serial conversion process is presented. In addition, bioreactor design data for the conversion of CO, CO2 and H2 in synthesis gas by Clostridium ljungdahlii in both batch and continuous culture are reviewed and discussed. 
BIOCONVERSION; COAL; LIQUID FUELS