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6128479 
Journal Article 
NICKEL AND COBALT: EVOLUTIONARY RELICS 
Crichton, R; Crichton, R 
2019 
Academic Press 
Biological Inorganic Chemistry (Third Edition) 
435-457 
Ni and Co are particularly important in the metabolism of chemicals particularly abundant in the preoxygen evolutionary era, like methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, reflected in the high levels of both elements in a number of anaerobic bacteria. Seven of the nine Ni enzymes which are described are involved in the use/production of gases (CO, CO2, CH4, H2, NH3 and O2), which all play an important role in global, C, N and O cycles. The exceptions are urease and lactate racemase. In contrast, almost all Co enzymes utilize corrin/cobalamine cofactors of the vitamin B12 family. The important role of B12-depemdent isomerases and methyl-transferases is summarized. Finally, we discuss the role of noncorrin Co-dependent enzymes, including methionine aminopeptidase, which plays an important role of removing the N-terminal methionine from newly translated polypeptide chains. 
Nickel enzymes; hydrogenase; cobalamine and cobalt proteins; B-dependent isomerases; B-dependent methyltransferases; noncorrin Co-containing enzymes; methyl-CoM reductase; methionine amimopeptidase 
Crichton, Robert 
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