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6202383 
Book/Book Chapter 
Chapter 5 Aerospace: A pioneer in structural adhesive bonding 
Bishopp, J 
2005 
Elsevier Science Ltd 
Handbook of Adhesives and Sealants 
1 
215-347 
This chapter falls, quite logically, into four distinct sections. The first deals with wooden aircraft from the first heavier-than-air machines through to the mid-1940s. Here animal-based adhesives were a natural choice for bonding wood; furniture makers had been using them for centuries. This section ends with the success story of the de Havilland Mosquito; a wooden airplane held together with a urea-formaldehyde (U/F) glue — one of the first truly synthetic adhesives. The second section traces the use of structural adhesives, first, in all-metal aircraft and then in aeroplanes having complex structures manufactured from both metal and composite components; indicating why the industry persevered with adhesive bonding when, perhaps, mechanical joining appeared to be more logical. The third section devotes itself to an in-depth examination of the structural bonded joint: the substrates, primers and the structural adhesives themselves. In this last area, a full appraisal is made of a typical range of commercially available structural adhesives. This examines their role in the bonded structure, the formats in which they are supplied, the basic chemistries employed with their relative cure cycles and generic formulations. This is augmented with key properties of selected adhesives from this range and a typical qualification package generated for one adhesive to meet typical aerospace specifications. The section concludes with brief outlines as to how the adhesives are made, how they are applied to the substrates to be bonded and the methods by which they can be cured. The fourth and final section is, in essence, a series of case studies showing how various sections of the industry use structural adhesives in modern aircrafts. This deals with each of the relevant adhesive chemistries in turn and covers both military and commercial engines and aeroplanes, helicopters, bonded components within the airframe, satellites and missiles. 
3Ms; Acrylic; Aero engines; Aileron; Aluminium; Aluminium-lithium; Animal glue; Aramid and aramid fibre; Autoclave; BAE Systems; Beam-Shear; Bismaleimide or BMI; Bis-silane; Bryte Technologies; Carbon fibre; Carrier; Collagen; Composite; Control surface; Corrosion inhibition; Cure Temperature; Cyanate ester; Cytec-Fiberite; De Bruyne; De Havilland; Doubler; Epoxy-phenolic; Fatigue; Fibre-metal laminates; Fillet and Filleting; Film and film adhesive; Floating roller peel; Foaming adhesive; Foaming film; Fuselage; Glass fibre; Helicopters; Henkel Corporation; Honeycomb; Honeycomb flatwise tensile; Honeycomb peel; Huntsman Advanced Materials; Kevlar®; Laminate; Lap shear; Leading edge; Lord Corporation; Missiles; Nacelle; Novolac; Paste adhesive; Permabond; Phenolformaldehyde or P/F; Phenolic; Polyimide; Polyurethane; Primer: Corrosion and corrosion-inhibiting; Primer: Surface protection; Resorcinol-formaldehyde or R/F; Rivet and riveting; Rohacell; Rotor blade; Sandwich panel; Satellites; Sea Hornet; Service temperature; Specification; Spoiler; Statistical experimental design; Steel and Stainless Steel; Stiffener; Stringers; Surface pretreatment; Syntactic adhesives; Temperature resistance; Test fluid immersion; Thixotropic; Titanium; Urea-formaldehyde or U/F; Water-based; Water resistance; Westland; Wood and plywood; Wright Brothers 
Cognard, Philippe