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6211371 
Book/Book Chapter 
8 - Gas cleaning for waste applications (syngas cleaning for catalytic synthetic natural gas synthesis) 
Courson, C; Gallucci, K 
2019 
Academic Press 
Substitute Natural Gas from Waste 
161-220 
In order to achieve the stringent requirements on syngas quality for synthetic natural gas (SNG) production, conventional and advanced gas-cleaning technologies are presented, grouping them in two main categories: cold and hot gas cleaning. Particular attention was directed at tars, representing one of the major drawbacks of gasification processes: these heavy hydrocarbons should be avoided by primary treatments or eliminated by secondary treatments. The former include the optimization of gasification conditions such as the choice of reactor type, operating conditions, use of bed additives, and modifications in the gasifier design. The secondary treatments consist of physical methods, thermal and catalytic conversion of tar. Each contaminant (sulfur, chlorine, alkali, etc.) has to be deeply removed to protect the catalyst used for downstream reaction. After gas cleaning, a gas-conditioning step is needed before methanation reaction to adjust the H2/CO ratio close to 3 (stoichiometry of methanation reaction) and to avoid carbon formation. 
Syngas cleaning; cold gas cleaning; hot gas cleaning; syngas conditioning; trace elements 
Materazzi, Massimiliano