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624638 
Journal Article 
Determination of microbial community structures of shrimp floc cultures by biomarkers and analysis of floc amino acid profiles 
Zhi Yong, J; Forster, I; Conquest, L; Dominy, W; Kuo, WC; Horgen, FD 
2008 
Yes 
Aquaculture Research
ISSN: 1355-557X
EISSN: 1365-2109 
39 
2 
118-133 
Simple, rapid and reliable methods are required to monitor the microbial community change in aquatic pond for better animal performance. Four floc (suspended organic matter) samples were collected from outdoor raceways and tanks used for culturing Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Twenty-two chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid pigments were separated, identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet/Vis-mass spectrometry in the freeze-dried floc samples. Algal community composition (diatoms, chlorophytes, cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates and cryptophytes) was determined by measuring concentrations of the respective taxonomic biomarkers (carotenoid fucoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, peridinin and alloxanthin) as independent variables and Chl a as the dependent variable using a multiple regression model. This analysis found that the phytoplankton community of the floc samples from two groups of shrimp tanks (32 g L−1-salinity) were diatom-dominated (81.7% and 84.4%); and two floc samples from shrimp raceways (5 and 18 g L−1-salinity) were chlorophyte-dominated (75.4% and 82.3%). Assessment of total algal and bacterial biomass by quantification of Chl a and muramic acid, respectively, indicated that the 18 g L−1-salinity raceway sample was bacteria-dominated, whereas the other three floc samples were algae-dominated. Sample protein quality was evaluated by its essential amino acid (AA) score and index. Arginine and lysine were found to be the two most limiting AAs for all floc samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Aquaculture Research is the property of Blackwell Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts) 
SHRIMPS; FISHES -- Behavior; BIOCHEMICAL markers; CAROTENOIDS; AMINO acids; AQUACULTURE; AQUATIC biology; LIFE sciences; FISH culture; biomarkers; floc culture; microbial community; shrimp