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6251519 
Book/Book Chapter 
5 - Nanoclay dispersed phenol formaldehyde/fumed silica nanocomposites: effect of diverse clays on physicomechanical and thermal properties 
Chang Hui, JL; Hamdan, Sb; Rahman, MR 
2018 
Woodhead Publishing 
Silica and Clay Dispersed Polymer Nanocomposites 
59-70 
In this study, the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of phenol formaldehyde/fumed silica/nanoclay (PF/FS/clay) nanocomposites were investigated. PF/FS/clay nanocomposites were prepared via condensation polymerization method and the effect of different clays as compatibilizers were subsequently investigated. The properties of nanocomposites were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), adsorption isotherm (BET), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis, and tensile test. FTIR results confirmed the condensation polymerization and the formation of nanocomposites. SEM result revealed that the clay (1.34TCN) had better compatibility with PF/FS matrix compared to clay (1.28E), clay (1.30E), and clay (1.31PS). The BET result showed that PF/FS/clay (1.34TCN) nanocomposite had the highest surface area with less pore size. Furthermore, PF/FS/clay (1.34TCN) nanocomposite exhibited better mechanical strength and thermal stability compared to PF/FS/clay (1.28E) nanocomposite. Overall, this study proved that clay (1.34TCN) was the most suitable to be introduced in PF/FS matrix. 
Compatibility; Morphology; Strength 
Rahman, Md Rezaur