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6364315 
Journal Article 
Prinzmetal Angina: ECG Changes and Clinical Considerations: A Consensus Paper 
Bayes de Luna, A; Cygankiewicz, I; Baranchuk, A; Fiol, M; Birnbaum, Y; Nikus, K; Goldwasser, D; Garcia-Niebla, J; Sclarovsky, S; Wellens, H; Breithardt, G 
2014 
Yes 
Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology
ISSN: 1082-720X
EISSN: 1542-474X 
19 
5 
442-453 
English 
Background: We will focus our attention in this article in the ECG changes of classical Prinzmetal angina that occur during occlusive proximal coronary spasm usually in patients with normal or noncritical coronary stenosis. Results: The most important ECG change during a focal proximal coronary spasm is in around 50% of cases the appearance of peaked and symmetrical T wave that is followed, if the spasm persist, by progressive ST-segment elevation that last for a few minutes, and later progressively resolve. The
most frequent ECG changes associated with ST-segment elevation are: (a) increased height of the R wave, (b) coincident S-wave diminution, (c) upsloping TQ in many cases, and (d) alternans of the elevated ST-segment and negative T wave deepness in 20% of cases.
The presence of arrhythmias is very frequent during Prinzmetal angina crises, especially ventricular arrhythmias. The prevalence and importance of ventricular arrhythmias were related to: (a) duration of episodes, (b) degree of ST-segment elevation, (c) presence of ST–T wave alternans, and (d) the presence of >25% increase of the R wave. Conclusions: The incidence of Prinzmetal angina is much lower then 50 years ago for many reasons including treatment with calcium channel blocks to treat hypertension and ischemia heart
disease and the decrease of smoking habits