US EPA

6447921 

Journal Article 

THE 'WORKING' OF THE MADISON LAKES 

Trelease, W 

2001 

THE MADISON (WISCONSIN) LAKES WERE OBSERVED FOR SIGNS OF EUTROPHICATION FROM 1882-1887. SYMPTOMS OBSERVED INCLUDED GREENISH-YELLOW SCUM OR FINE GRANULES SUSPENDED IN WATER, ODORS ASSOCIATED WITH ALGAL DECOMPOSITION, STAINING OF SHORELINES, AND DECREASED FISH BITING. THE ALGAE GENERALLY APPEARED IN MID-SUMMER AND PERSISTED FOR ONLY A FEW DAYS BEFORE BEING BROKEN UP AND DISPERSED BY BREEZES. SUCH PHENOMENA HAVE BEEN REFERRED TO AS THE 'WORKING' OR 'BREAKING' OF LAKES AND ARE SYNONYMOUS WITH THE EUROPEAN TERM 'WATER-BLOOM'. THE SYMPTONS, CAUSED BY THE OCCURRENCE OF MEMBERS OF THE ALGAE GROUP CYANOPHYCEAE, ARE FAVORED IN STAGNANT WATER BODIES AND USUALLY OCCUR AFTER PROLONGED HOT SPELLS. THE TWO PRINCIPAL SUBDIVISIONS OF THE GROUP ARE CHROOCOCCACEAE AND NOSTOCHINEAE. OF THE FORMER, CLATHROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA AND COELOSPHAERIUM KUTZINGIANUM WERE THE PRINCIPAL PROBLEM SPECIES IN THE MADISON LAKES, AND FROM THE LATTER, ANABAENA FLOS AQUAE AND ANABAENA CIRCINALIS WERE MOST COMMON. ANABAENA MENDOTAE, WHICH IS MORE TOLERANT OF COLD, PREDOMINATES LATE IN THE SEASON. PAPER INCLUDES A LIST OF SIXTY REFERENCES ON WATER-BLOOMS. ONLY PRINCIPAL PAPERS TREATING RECURRENCE OF BACTERIA IN QUANTITY ARE INCLUDED, MOST OF THEM HAVE LITTLE BOTANICAL VALUE BUT SERVE AS A NUCLEUS FOR OTHER REFERENCES AVAILABLE IN 1889. (KETELLE-WIS) 

; EUTROPHICATION; CYANOPHYTA; ODOR; SCUM; FISHING; WISCONSIN; BIBLIOGRAPHIES; LAKES; NUISANCE ALGAE; BACTERIA; WATER POLLUTION EFFECTS; MADISON(WIS); 'WORKING' OF LAKES; WATER-BLOOM; 'BREAKING' OF LAKES; CHROOCOCCACEAE; NOSTOCHINEAE; CLATHROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA; COELOSPHAERIUM KUTZINGIANUM; ANABAENA FLOS AQUAE; ANABAENA MENDOTAE; ANABAENA HASSALI; LYNGBYA NOLLEI; GLOCOTRICHIA PISUM; NOSTOC VERRUCOSUM; LAKE MENDOTA(WIS); LAKE MONONA(WIS); LAKE WAUBESA(WIS); ANABAENA CIRCINALIS/