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HERO ID
6544096
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Chemical warfare agent degradation and decontamination
Author(s)
Talmage, SS; Watson, AP; Hauschild, V; Munro, NB; King, J
Year
2007
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Current Organic Chemistry
ISSN:
1385-2728
EISSN:
1875-5348
Volume
11
Issue
3
Page Numbers
285-298
DOI
10.2174/138527207779940892
Web of Science Id
WOS:000243739300005
URL
http://
://WOS:000243739300005
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Abstract
The decontamination of chemical warfare agents (CWA) from structures, environmental media. and even personnel has become an area of particular interest in recent),cars due to increased homeland security concerns. In addition to terrorist attacks. scenarios such as accidental releases of CWA from U.S. stockpile sites or from historic, buried munitions are also subjects for response planning. To facilitate rapid identification of practical and effective decontamination approaches. this paper reviews pathways of CWA degradation by natural means as well as those resulting from deliberately applied Solutions and technologies: these pathways and technologies are compared and contrasted. We then review various technologies, both traditional and recent, with some emphasis on decontamination materials used for surfaces that are difficult to clean. Discussion is limited to the major threat CWA, namely sulfur mustard (HD), bis[2-chloroethyl]sulfide), VX (O-ethyl S-[2-diisopropylaminoethyl] methylphosphonothioate), and the G-series nerve agents. The principal G-agents are GA (tabun, ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate), GB (sarin, isopropyl methylphosplionofluoridate). and GD (soman. pinacolyl methylphosplionofluoridate). The chemical decontamination pathways of each agent are outlined, with some discussion of intermediate and Final degradation product toxicity. In all cases, and regardless of the CWA degradation pathway chosen for decontamination. it will be necessary to collect and analyze pertinent environmental samples during the treatment phase to confirm attainment of clearance levels.
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