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6581748 
Book/Book Chapter 
Wastewater Treatment (not infectious hazards) 
Graczyk, TK; Chalew, TE; Maschinski, Y; Lucy, FE 
2009 
Academic Press 
Oxford 
Encyclopedia of Microbiology (Third Edition) 
562-568 
The quantity and quality of municipal wastewater varies among communities depending on the composition of water users, the quality and type of wastewater collection systems, and the urban storm water runoff. Untreated wastewater potentially contains a variety of chemical constituents hazardous to human health and the environment. In highly industrialized countries, reliable wastewater treatment systems and public health-related water reuse policy and regulations dictate the feasibility and public acceptance of water reuse. Untreated wastewater contains known and unknown organic and inorganic constituents that are present naturally in the water supply source; present in treated drinking water; added by the water users; added from storm water in combined collection systems; formed in the collection system as a result of abiotic and biotic reactions; and added in the wastewater collection system to control odor or corrosion. The impact of the wastewater treatment process on chemical constituents is dependent on the level (primary, secondary, and/or tertiary treatment) and the efficacy of the system employed. Disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as N-nitrosdimethylamine (NDMA), endocrine disruptors (EDCs), and pharmaceutically active chemicals (PhACs), 1,4-dioxane, perchlorate, methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), and engineered nanoparticles and nanomaterials, represent emerging chemical constituents in wastewater, which are of public health and environmental concern. 
1,4-dioxane; chemical constituents; direct reuse; disinfection by-products; endocrine disruptors; engineered nanoparticles and nanomaterials; indirect reuse; methyl tertiary-butyl ether; -nitrosdimethylamine; perchlorate; potable reuse; reclaimed water; wastewater; water recycling 
Schaechter, Moselio