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6581917 
Book/Book Chapter 
Water Consumption and Implications for Exposure Assessment 
Jones, E; Wright, JM 
2011 
Elsevier 
Oxford 
Encyclopedia of Environmental Health (Second Edition) 
425-431 
Consumption of drinking water confers a variety of health benefits but can pose risks to certain populations due to the presence of waterborne contaminants. As population dynamics and water consumption trends change over time, there is an increasing need for epidemiological studies to improve exposure assessment to waterborne contaminants. There are several indirect and direct methods used to estimate exposure; however, these methods are based on a variety of assumptions that can lead to uncertainty in exposure assessment. This article includes information about the benefits, behaviors, perceptions, and some of the health risks associated with the consumption of drinking water. This article also highlights the potential limitations in exposure assessment methods and provides recommendations to help reduce measurement error and misclassification bias in exposure assessments and epidemiological studies of waterborne contaminants. 
Exposure assessment; Exposure misclassification; Measurement error; Waterborne contaminants; Water consumption 
Nriagu, Jerome