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6612995 
Journal Article 
THE PAYNE EFFECT: PRIMARILY POLYMER-RELATED OR FILLER- RELATED PHENOMENON? 
Warasitthinon, N; Genix, AC; Sztucki, M; Oberdisse, J; Robertson, CG; , 
2019 
1 
Rubber Chemistry and Technology
ISSN: 0035-9475
EISSN: 1943-4804 
AMER CHEMICAL SOC INC 
AKRON 
92 
4 
599-611 
English 
WOS:000505592500002 
The hysteretic softening at small dynamic strains (Payne effect)-related to the rolling resistance and viscoelastic losses of tires was studied as a function of particle size, filler volume fraction, and temperature for carbon black (CB) reinforced uncrosslinked styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and a paste-like material composed of CB-filled paraffin oil. The low-strain limit for dynamic storage modulus was found to be remarkably similar for CB-filled oil and the CB-filled SBR. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements on the simple composites and detailed data analysis confirmed that the aggregate structures and nature of filler branching/networking of carbon black were virtually identical within oil compared to the high molecular weight polymer matrix. The combined dynamic rheology and SAXS results provide clear evidence that the deformation-induced breaking (unjamming) of the filler network-characterized by filler-filler contacts that are percolated throughout the material-is the main cause for the Payne effect. However, the polymer matrix does play a secondary role as demonstrated by a reduction in Payne effect magnitude with increasing temperature for the CB-reinforced rubber, which was not observed to a significant extent for the oil-CB system.