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6625808 
Journal Article 
An adapted version of the US department of agriculture food insecurity module is a valid tool for assessing household food insecurity in Campinas, Brazil 
Perez-Escamilla, R; Segall-Correa, AM; Maranha, LK; Sampaio, MDA; Marin-Leon, L; Panigassi, G 
2004 
Yes 
Journal of Nutrition
ISSN: 0022-3166
EISSN: 1541-6100 
OXFORD UNIV PRESS 
OXFORD 
134 
8 
1923-1928 
English 
15284377 
WOS:000223437100013 
Until recently, Brazil did not have a national instrument with which to assess household food insecurity (FI). The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to describe the process of adaptation and validation of the 15-item USDA FI module, and 2) to assess its validity in the city of Campinas. The USDA scale was translated into Portuguese and subsequently tested for content and face validity through content expert and focus groups made up of community members. This was followed by a quantitative validation based on a convenience (n = 125) and a representative (n = 847) sample. Key adaptations involved replacing the term "balanced meal" with "healthy and varied diet," to construct items as questions rather than statements, and to ensure that respondents understood that information would not be used to determine program eligibility. Chronbach's alpha was 0.91 and the scale item response curves were parallel across the 4 household income strata. FI severity level was strongly associated in a dose-response manner (P < 0.001) with income strata and the probability of daily intake of fruits, vegetables, meat/fish, and dairy. These findings were replicated in the 2 independent survey samples. Results indicate that the adapted version of the USDA food insecurity module is valid for the population of Campinas. This validation methodology has now been replicated in urban and/or rural areas of 4 additional states with similar results. Thus, Brazil now has a household food insecurity instrument that can be used to set national goals, to follow progress, and to evaluate its national hunger and poverty eradication programs. 
Brazil; household food insecurity; Fome Zero program; hunger; USDA food insecurity module