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6667181 
Journal Article 
Composites and Nanocomposites: Thermoplastic Polymers for Additive Manufacturing 
Aliheidari, N; Ameli, A; , 
2019 
CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP 
BOCA RATON 
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF POLYMER APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-III 
486-500 
WOS:000489145500025 
Additive manufacturing (AM) is considered as the next disruptive technology in manufacturing. Among all materials, polymers are the highly used materials, by volume, in AM. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a simple and cost-effective AM technology that employs mostly thermoplastic-based filaments. While FDM has been available for few decades, novel and versatile feedstock materials compatible with FDM has experienced significant expansion only recently. This report is aimed at providing an overview of the current research and development in the area of thermoplastic nano-composites for FDM printing. First, the principles of AM and FDM printing are introduced. Some common thermoplastics used for FDM including acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polylactic acid are discussed. Thermoplastic nanocomposites are classified based on the functionalities that the nanomaterials offer. The FDM printing of the nanocomposites filled with mechanically reinforcing nanofillers (nanoclay and titanium oxide), multifunctional carbon-based nanofillers (carbon nanotube, graphene, and carbon nanofiber), and bioactive nanofillers (nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and nanocrystalline beta-tricalcium phosphate) are covered. It is shown that how thermoplastic nanocomposites are FDM printed for a variety of applications including strong and stiff parts, conductive structures, electrochemical devices, sensors, and tissue regeneration. The advantages, challenges, and promises are also discussed. It is concluded that the adaptation of nanocomposites with FDM provides a platform where the capabilities of AM and the functionalities of nanomaterials can be integrated to design and fabricate novel and efficient material systems and structures. The field is relatively new and significant research and development are expected in the future. 
Mishra, M; 
978-1-4987-2993-2