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6720522 
Journal Article 
Early sleep deprivation and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 
Tso, W; Chan, M; Ho, FK; Rao, N; Li, AM; Chan, KoL; Tiwari, A; Wong, I; Wing, Y; Van Voorhees, B; Li, SL; Goh, WHS; Ip, P 
2019 
1 
Pediatric Research
ISSN: 0031-3998
EISSN: 1530-0447 
85 
4 
449-455 
English 
30679794 
WOS:000460127000008 
BACKGROUND: This study aims to study prospectively specific sleep patterns and risk of ADHD after adjusting for potential confounders such as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and methylphenidate use.

METHODS: A population-representative sample of 514 Chinese preschool children was recruited when in kindergarten (K3). Parents reported on their socioeconomic status and children's sleep duration. The cohort was reassessed 3 years later when the children were in Grade 3 (P3). Parents reported on children's sleep patterns and ADHD symptoms. Information on OSA diagnosis and methylphenidate use was retrieved from health records.

RESULTS: Among the 514 parent-child dyads (mean [SD] age, 5.52 [0.33] years), 411 were reassessed (80.0% retention; 9.35 [0.33] years) at follow-up. There were no significant baseline differences between follow-up and drop-out groups. A gradient relationship was observed between probable ADHD in P3 and sleep duration in K3. The risk of probable ADHD was 15.5 per 100 for children with <8 h of sleep in K3, whereas it was 1.1 per 100 for children with 11-12 h of sleep in K3. The adjusted risk ratio was 14.19 (p = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS: Sleep deprivation in early childhood is associated with higher risk of ADHD in middle childhood.