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6773490 
Journal Article 
Review 
Direct and indirect influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on enhancing metal tolerance of plants 
Janeeshma, E; Puthur, JT 
2020 
Yes 
Archives of Microbiology
ISSN: 0302-8933
EISSN: 1432-072X 
202 
1 
1-16 
English 
31552478 
WOS:000511494200001 
The acerbic elevation of toxic metal ions in arable lands, enhance the risk of their accumulation and biomagnification in crops as well as in humans. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly approach to clear metal-contaminated lands by making use of metal accumulation potential of plants; which are referred to as hyperaccumulators. This phytoremediation potential can be enhanced with the symbiotic association between the root of hyperaccumulators and arbuscular mycorrhizae. Modification of root morphology, enhancement of antioxidants biosynthesis, and the increase in shoot biomass are the changes observed in plants as a result of indirect influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae. Direct influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on enhancing metal tolerance of plants includes immobilization strategies, adsorption of metals on to the hyphal wall and glomalin exudation. Furthermore, we have discussed arbuscular mycorrhizal induced increment in the metal tolerance potential of plants through the alteration in various metabolic processes with special emphasis to the phenylpropanoid pathway.