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6778907 
Journal Article 
Review 
Nonclassical Monocytes in Health and Disease 
Narasimhan, PB; Marcovecchio, P; Hamers, AAJ; Hedrick, CC 
2019 
Yes 
Annual Review of Immunology
ISSN: 0732-0582
EISSN: 1545-3278 
37 
439-456 
English 
31026415 
WOS:000482702900018 
Monocytes are innate blood cells that maintain vascular homeostasis and are early responders to pathogens in acute infections. There are three well-characterized classes of monocytes: classical (CD14+CD16
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in humans and Ly6Chi in mice), intermediate (CD14+CD16+ in humans and Ly6C+Treml4+ in mice), and nonclassical (CD14-CD16+ in humans and Ly6Clo in mice). Classical monocytes are critical for the initial inflammatory response. Classical monocytes can differentiate into macrophages in tissue and can contribute to chronic disease. Nonclassical monocytes have been widely viewed as anti-inflammatory, as they maintain vascular homeostasis. They are a first line of defense in recognition and clearance of pathogens. However, their roles in chronic disease are less clear. They have been shown to be protective as well as positively associated with disease burden. This review focuses on the state of the monocyte biology field and the functions of monocytes, particularly nonclassical monocytes, in health and disease.