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6811978 
Journal Article 
The effects of cigarette smoke extract on ovulation, oocyte morphology and ovarian gene expression in mice 
Mai, Z; Lei, M; Yu, B; Du, H; Liu, J 
2014 
1 
PLoS ONE
EISSN: 1932-6203 
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE 
SAN FRANCISCO 
9 
4 
e95945 
English 
24776817 
WOS:000346241800020 
Cigarette smoking can harm fertility, but the existing research has targeted primarily on ovarian follicles, embryos or sex hormone. In this study, we tested cigarette smoke extract on ovulation, oocyte morphology and ovarian gene expression associated with inhibition of oxidative stress using C57BL/6 mice. Mice in the experimental group were administered a cigarette smoke extract (CSE) solution (2 mg/ml) orally daily, while the blank control group was given dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). A positive control group (menadione) was used that received an intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg menadione in oil solution daily. We found that the CSE group manifested a reduced diameter of zona pellucida-free oocyte (ZP-free OD) and a morphologically misshapen first polar body (PB). Our results suggest that CSE exposure is associated with a shrink size and poor quality of oocytes. Quitting smoking is a wise choice to ensure good fertility.