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6961350 
Journal Article 
Linking selected kinematic, anthropometric and hydrodynamic variables to young swimmer performance 
Morais, JE; Jesus, S; Lopes, V; Garrido, N; Silva, A; Marinho, D; Barbosa, TM; , 
2012 
1 
Pediatric Exercise Science
ISSN: 0899-8493 
HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC 
CHAMPAIGN 
649-664 
English 
23196769 
WOS:000312117400012 
The aim of this study was to develop a structural equation model (i.e., a confirmatory technique that analyzes relationships among observed variables) for young swimmer performance based on selected kinematic, anthropometric and hydrodynamic variables. A total of 114 subjects (73 boys and 41 girls of mean age of 12.31 ± 1.09 years; 47.91 ± 10.81 kg body mass; 156.57 ± 10.90 cm height and Tanner stages 1-2) were evaluated. The variables assessed were the: (i) 100 [m] freestyle performance; (ii) stroke index; (iii) speed fluctuation; (iv) stroke distance; (v) active drag; (vi) arm span and; (vii) hand surface area. All paths were significant (p < .05). However, in deleting the path between the hand surface area and the stroke index, the model goodness-of-fit significantly improved. Swimming performance in young swimmers appeared to be dependent on swimming efficiency (i.e., stroke index), which is determined by the remaining variables assessed, except for the hand surface area. Therefore, young swimmer coaches and practitioners should design training programs with a focus on technical training enhancement (i.e., improving swimming efficiency).