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6984266 
Journal Article 
Highly efficient replacement of traditional intumescent flame retardants in polypropylene by manganese ions doped melamine phytate nanosheets 
Li, WenX; Zhang, HaiJun; Hu, XP; Yang, WenXue; Cheng, Z; Xie, CQ 
2020 
Yes 
Journal of Hazardous Materials
ISSN: 0304-3894
EISSN: 1873-3336 
398 
123001 
English 
32768832 
WOS:000568847900001 
The intumescent flame retardant (IFR) with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the main component has many defects in practical applications, more than that, APP can be traced to non-renewable phosphate rock resources. For the foregoing reasons, the melamine phytate supramolecular nanosheet flame retardant incorporating manganese ion (PAMA-Mn) was successfully prepared with a facile and environmental friendly hydrothermal procedure based on renewable bio-based material phytic acid (PA). The flame retardant polypropylene composite (PPI) with 13.5 wt% APP and 4.5 wt% pentaerythritol (PER) failed to the UL-94 test, and its limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was only 26.5%. After 33 wt% of APP was replaced by PAMA-Mn, the PPMn33 incorporating only 18 wt% flame retardant additives passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and its LOI value was increased to 31.9%. Compared with PP, pHRR and pSPR values of PPMn33 were reduced by 56% and 23%, respectively. The fire retardant mechanism of PPMn33 was thoroughly discussed via a variety of characterization methods. It was found that the peak of the Gram-Schmidt curve of PPMn33 was drastically reduced by 49% relative to that of PPI, indicating a remarkably decrease of combustible volatile products owing to the incorporation of PAMA-Mn, thereby rapidly reducing the fire hazard risk. 
Melamine phytate nanosheets; Manganese ion; High-efficiency catalytic charring; Intumescent flame retardant; Polypropylene