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6991310 
Journal Article 
Spray Freeze-Drying as a Solution to Continuous Manufacturing of Pharmaceutical Products in Bulk 
Adali, MB; Barresi, AA; Boccardo, G; Pisano, R; , 
2020 
MDPI 
BASEL 
WOS:000553551300001 
Pharmaceutical manufacturing is evolving from traditional batch processes to continuous ones. The new global competition focused on throughput and quality of drug products is certainly the driving force behind this transition which, thus, represents the new challenge of pharmaceutical manufacturing and hence of lyophilization as a downstream operation. In this direction, the present review deals with the most recent technologies, based on spray freeze-drying, that can achieve this objective. It provides a comprehensive overview of the physics behind this process and of the most recent equipment design.