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7012166 
Journal Article 
An Assessment of Ladle Furnace Steel-making Reactions in an Aluminium-Killed 38MnS6 Steel 
Vidhyasagar, M; Balachandran, G; , 
2020 
SPRINGER INDIA 
NEW DELHI 
73 
2 
479-495 
WOS:000516608200020 
Aluminium-killed medium carbon-manganese-resulphurised microalloyed steels such as the 38MnS6 and 38MnVS6 are popular in automotive forgings. The present study explores the steel-making process, which can improve the product quality. The reactions at the secondary steel-making stages: tapping the steel, ladle alloying, vacuum degassing, post-degassing, and casting were assessed. The effectiveness of the steel-making reactions deoxidation, desulphurisation, degassing, refractory melt interactions, and inclusion formation was examined. The type of inclusions [micro-inclusion and macro-inclusion] formed and the origin of the inclusions were examined in steel before vacuum degassing, after vacuum degassing, and after deformation. The effect of gas stirring on refining reactions and inclusion removal was assessed. The slag-metal interactions were examined at every stage of processing and the alloying elemental behaviour during the steel making was assessed. The behaviour of the process at every stage of steel making was brought out. 
38MnS6; Steel-making reaction; Thermo-kinetics; Deoxidation; Desulphurisation; Vacuum degassing; Stirring; Inclusion formation