US EPA

7082306 

Journal Article 

The "second gas effect" is not a valid concept 

Sun, XG; Su, F; Shi, YQ; Lee, C; , 

1999 

Yes 

Anesthesia and Analgesia
ISSN: 0003-2999
EISSN: 1526-7598 

LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS 

PHILADELPHIA 

88 

1 

188-192 

English 

9895090 

10.1097/00000539-199901000-00035 

WOS:000077901200034 

To determine whether the "second gas effect" is valid, we determined the pharmacokinetics of 0.2% enflurane with or without 80% N2O (n = 7 each) under controlled constant volume ventilation in 14 young healthy male patients before their operations. The alveolar (end-tidal) concentration (F-A) and inspired concentration (F-I) at the mouthpiece and the arterial blood concentration of enflurane were measured, and the ratio of F-A to F-I was calculated. The F-A/ F-I of enflurane increased rapidly during the first few minutes of administration and then increased slowly. No significant difference was found in the F-A/F-I between the two groups at any time point (P > 0.05). The arterial blood concentrations of enflurane increased progressively and were not significantly different between the two groups at any time point (P > 0.05). The results indicate that, at high concentrations, N2O neither facilitated the increase of F-A nor enhanced the uptake of a companion gas. The second gas effect is a nonexistent phenomenon in clinical practice because the concentrating effect is very weak and the augmentation effect is nonexistent under controlled ventilation. Implications: We studied the effects of N2O on the ratio of alveolar (end-tidal) concentration to inspired concentration of the second gas (enflurane) and on its blood concentration in humans. Nitrous oxide did not affect the alveolar or blood concentration of the second gas under controlled constant volume ventilation. The "second gas effect" is not a valid concept.