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7105166 
Journal Article 
The Effect of Long-Term Intermittent Service on Elastomers in Aqueous Engine Coolants 
Hertz, DL, Jr; Hertz, DL III; Cook, H; , 
2014 
ASTM INTERNATIONAL 
WEST CONSHOHOCKEN 
195-216 
WOS:000351133300013 
Synthetic rubber (elastomeric) o-ring seals are widely used in modern CI and SI power systems. They are increasingly challenged by higher thermal inputs, design considerations, and long-term warranty issues. This paper presents comprehensive, quantitative aging data for evaluating popular elastomers used for sealing coolants. Three categories of commercial heavy-duty (HD) engine coolants were used as test media. The commercially available elastomers tested in this study were: fluoroelastomers (FKM-type 2), tetrafluoroethylene-propylene rubber (FEPM), and hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR). The study sought to duplicate the effects of multiple engine startups and shutdowns. The test protocol involved 100 twenty-four hour cycles consisting of 16 h operation at 150 degrees C and an 8-h cool down. The test fixtures, run in triplicate, provide O-rings sealing axially (flange seal design), radially (piston seal design), and a straight thread port seal. The test fixtures subjected seals to saturated vapor on one side and liquid on the other. Data was developed and reported in accordance with ASTM D1414-94 and ASTM D412-06a. Compressive stress relaxation is reported in accordance with ASTM D6147. To monitor degradation of the fluoroelastomers, coolant was monitored for fluoride ion activity. A brief discussion on polymer stability in high pH aqueous and nonaqueous fluids is included. 
Eaton, ER; 
Symposium on Global Testing of Extended Service Engine Coolants and Related Fluids 
Indianapolis, IN 
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