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7151788 
Journal Article 
Fluorescence of coral larvae predicts their settlement response to crustose coralline algae and reflects stress 
Kenkel, CD; Traylor, MR; Wiedenmann, J; Salih, A; Matz, MV; , 
2011 
1 
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences
ISSN: 1471-2954 
ROYAL SOC 
LONDON 
278 
1718 
2691-2697 
English 
21270034 
WOS:000293142200019 
Multi-coloured homologues of the green fluorescent protein generate some of the most striking visual phenomena in the ocean. Despite their natural prominence in reef-building corals and widespread use in biotechnology, their biological role remains obscure. Here, we experimented with larvae of Acropora millepora to determine what can be learned about a coral larva or recruit from its fluorescent colour. We performed 12 crosses between seven A. millepora colonies representing differing fluorescence phenotypes, the larvae of which were exposed to a natural settlement cue (crustose coralline algae) and heat-light stress. Parental effects explained 18 per cent of variation in colour and 47 per cent of variation in settlement. The colour of the larval family emerged as a predictor of the settlement success: redder families were significantly less responsive to the provided settlement cue (p = 0.006). This relationship was owing to a correlation between parental effects on settlement and colour (r(2) = 0.587, p = 0.045). We also observed pronounced (16%) decline in settlement rate, as well as subtle (2%), but a statistically significant decrease in red fluorescence, as a consequence of heat-light stress exposure. Variation in settlement propensity in A. millepora is largely owing to additive genetic effects, and is thought to reflect variation in dispersal potential. Our results suggest an optical signature to discriminate between long- and short-range dispersing genotypes, as well as to evaluate stress. Further research in this direction may lead to the development of field applications to trace changes in coral life history and physiology caused by global warming. 
Dispersal; Genetics; Gfp; Heritability; Metamorphosis; Recruitment; color; coral; coral reef; coralline alga; dispersal; environmental cue; environmental stress; experimental study; fluorescence; genotype; heritability; larva; larval settlement; lichen; life history; metamorphosis; physiological response; protein; recruitment (population dynamics); animal; Anthozoa; article; coral reef; fluorescence; genetics; genotype; heat; heat shock response; larva; light; physiology; predictive value; red alga; Animals; Anthozoa; Coral Reefs; Fluorescence; Genotype; Heat-Shock Response; Hot Temperature; Larva; Light; Predictive Value of Tests; Rhodophyta; Acropora millepora; algae; Anthozoa