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7252610 
Journal Article 
Reversible Removal of Intermixed Shallow States by Light Soaking in Multication Mixed Halide Perovskite Films 
Guo, D; Andaji Garmaroudi, Z; Abdi-Jalebi, M; Stranks, SD; Savenije, TJ; , 
2019 
English 
31633033 
The highest reported efficiencies of metal halide perovskite (MHP) solar cells are all based on mixed perovskites, such as (FA,MA,Cs)Pb(I1-x Br x )3. Despite demonstrated structural changes induced by light soaking, it is unclear how the charge carrier dynamics are affected across this entire material family. Here, various (FA,MA,Cs)Pb(I1-x Br x )3 perovskite films are light-soaked in nitrogen, and changes in optoelectronic properties are investigated through time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) and optical and structural techniques. To fit the TRMC decay kinetics obtained for pristine (FA,MA,Cs)Pb(I1-x Br x )3 for various excitation densities, additional shallow states have to be included, which are not required for describing TRMC traces of single-cation MHPs. These shallow states can, independently of x, be removed by light soaking, which leads to a reduction in the imbalance between the diffusional motion of electrons and holes. We interpret the shallow states as a result of initially well-intermixed halide distributions, which upon light soaking segregate into domains with distinct band gaps.