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7272133 
Journal Article 
Estrogen Receptor Beta (ER beta): A Ligand Activated Tumor Suppressor 
Mal, R; Vandeusen, J; Sardesai, S; Williams, N; Wesolowski, R; Lustberg, M; Ganju, RK; Ramaswamy, B; Cherian, MA; Magner, A; David, J; Datta, J; Vallabhaneni, M; Kassem, M; Manouchehri, J; Willingham, N; Stover, D; , 
2020 
Frontiers in Oncology
ISSN: 2234-943X 
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA 
LAUSANNE 
10 
33194742 
WOS:000585937100001 
Estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) and estrogen receptor beta (ER beta) belong to a superfamily of nuclear receptors called steroid hormone receptors, which, upon binding ligand, dimerize and translocate to the nucleus where they activate or repress the transcription of a large number of genes, thus modulating critical physiologic processes. ER beta has multiple isoforms that show differing association with prognosis. Expression levels of the full length ER beta 1 isoform are often lower in aggressive cancers as compared to normal tissue. High ER beta 1 expression is associated with improved overall survival in women with breast cancer. The promise of ER beta activation, as a potential targeted therapy, is based on concurrent activation of multiple tumor suppressor pathways with few side effects compared to chemotherapy. Thus, ER beta is a nuclear receptor with broad-spectrum tumor suppressor activity, which could serve as a potential treatment target in a variety of human cancers including breast cancer. Further development of highly selective agonists that lack ER alpha agonist activity, will be necessary to fully harness the potential of ER beta. 
ESR1; ESR2; ERα ERβ breast cancer