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7318594 
Journal Article 
Review 
Ethical aspects of neuromodulation 
Woopen, C 
2012 
Yes 
International Review of Neurobiology
ISSN: 0074-7742
EISSN: 2162-5514 
Academic Press Inc. 
International Review of Neurobiology 
107 
315-332 
English 
23206688 
WOS:000314132800014 
Invasive and noninvasive technological neuromodulation of the brain has major impact on individual and social ethical issues like autonomy and justice. It also challenges the foundations of ethics itself by dealing with the preconditions of moral judgment and behavior. Ethical issues related to personal, clinical, and scientific integrity are addressed. Eight prevailing problems are identified with regard to anticipation, desperation, psychosocial impact, and authenticity, expansion of clinical application, enhancement, criterion of treatment resistance, and framework for research. It is argued for comprehensive multidisciplinary care during the treatment and adaptation process, for multifaceted data collection, and against a strict criterion of treatment resistance. 
Authenticity; Autonomy; Brain stimulation; Enhancement; Identity; Neuroethics; Neuromodulation; Research ethics; anticipation; article; clinical medicine; disease resistance; health care disparity; human; identity; informed consent; interdisciplinary communication; justice; legal aspect; medical ethics; neuromodulation; patient attitude; patient autonomy; patient decision making; patient safety; patient satisfaction; priority journal; public health problem; scientific literature; social psychology