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7413244 
Journal Article 
Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors of the Ovary 
Desouki, MM; , 
2019 
Springer Singapore 
Singapore 
Gynecologic and Obstetric Pathology, Volume 2 
273-322 
Sex cord-stromal tumors (SCSTsSex cord-stromal tumor (SCSTs)) are rare neoplasms derived from, or display differentiation towards primitive sex cords or stromal cells. The tumors in this category exhibit a great diversity of patterns with a long array of mimickers, and accordingly may pose a diagnostic challenge. Some of the derivative cells are involved in hormone production under physiologic conditions; therefore, many tumors under this category produce excess hormones, which may lead to the development of hormone-mediated syndromes. There are clear age-related differences in the incidence of several tumors in this category, with juvenile granulosa cellGranulosa cell tumors, for example, occurring primarily in the <20-year age group, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors predominating between menarche and 25 years, and adult granulosa cellGranulosa cell tumors most commonly occurring between ages 25–50 years. The correct diagnosis of an ovarian tumor is important in all patients, but is arguably particularly so for this category, since young patients represent a significant proportion of patients, and issues of fertility preservation abound. This makes awareness of the diagnostic criteria and the differential diagnosis of the SCSTsSex cord-stromal tumor (SCSTs) an important task. The 2014 World Health Organization classification of SCSTsSex cord-stromal tumor (SCSTs) categorized this group under three main categories: pure stromal tumors, pure sex cord tumors, and mixed SCSTsSex cord-stromal tumor (SCSTs). This chapter highlights all SCSTsSex cord-stromal tumor (SCSTs), with an emphasis on the clinicopathologic characteristics and advances in molecular features of each entity, as well as a detailed discussion of differential diagnostic considerations, and the utility and limitations of immunohistochemical markers and ancillary studies in their diagnostic work-up.