US EPA

7419836 

Journal Article 

Gangliosides and Tumor-Associated Ganglioside (TAG) Modulate Receptor-Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) 

Kim, CHo; , 

2020 

Springer Singapore 

Singapore 

Ganglioside Biochemistry 

123-167 

10.1007/978-981-15-5815-3_9 

http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-15-5815-3_9
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Cells are surrounded with glycosynapses as ganglioside-based microdomain in outer leaflet of plasma membrane. Because GSLs are expressed in eukaryotic plasma membranes, defects of GSL catabolic metabolism are associated with inherited lysosomal storage diseases. Therefore, it is considered that GSLs regulate the membrane receptor-mediated phosphorylation. Glycosynapses interact with transmembrane receptor or signal transducer for cell growth, adhesion, and migration. “Cis” type interactions of gangliosides largely influence the phosphorylation activities of receptor-tyrosine kinases (RTK) associated with assembled molecules in the PM of the cells. The associated receptors are known to contain RTK and regulate cell adhesion, growth, differentiation, interaction, survival, and migration. For example, during influenza virus infection, the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is regulated through its RTK [1, 2]. Influenza viral entry utilizes the cell surface levels of GM1 and GM3.