US EPA

7421424 

Journal Article 

Combined LC-MS/MS and Molecular Networking Approach Reveals New Cyanotoxins from the 2014 Cyanobacterial Bloom in Green Lake, Seattle 

Teta, R; Della Sala, G; Glukhov, E; Gerwick, L; Gerwick, WH; Mangoni, A; Costantino, V; , 

2015 

1 

Environmental Science & Technology
ISSN: 0013-936X
EISSN: 1520-5851 

AMER CHEMICAL SOC 

WASHINGTON 

49 

24 

14301-14310 

English 

26567695 

10.1021/acs.est.5b04415 

WOS:000366872300048 

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.5b04415
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Cyanotoxins obtained from a freshwater cyanobacterial collection at Green Lake, Seattle during a cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom in the summer of 2014 were studied using a new approach based on molecular networking analysis of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) data. This MS networking approach is particularly well-suited for the detection of new cyanotoxin variants and resulted in the discovery of three new cyclic peptides, namely microcystin-MhtyR (6), which comprised about half of the total microcystin content in the bloom, and ferintoic acids C (12) and D (13). Structure elucidation of 6 was aided by a new microscale methylation procedure. Metagenomic analysis of the bloom using the 16S-ITS rRNA region identified Microcystis aeruginosa as the predominant cyanobacterium in the sample. Fragments of the putative biosynthetic genes for the new cyanotoxins were also identified, and their sequences correlated to the structure of the isolated cyanotoxins. 

Alkylation; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Peptides; RNA; Toxic materials; Analysis of liquids; Biosynthetic gene; Cyanobacterial blooms; Cyclic peptides; Harmful algal blooms; Metagenomic analysis; Microcystis aeruginosa; Structure elucidation; Lakes; bacterial toxin; cyanotoxin; cyclopeptide; ferintoic acid C; ferintoic acid D; hexapeptide; internal transcribed spacer; microcystin; microcystin MhtyR; ribosome RNA; RNA 16S; toxin; unclassified drug; microcystin; ribosome RNA; thiol derivative; algal bloom; cyanobacterium; lake water; mass spectrometry; molecular analysis; RNA; toxin; algal bloom; animal cell; Article; bacterial gene; bacterial strain; biosynthesis; controlled study; cyanobacterium; gene sequence; lake; liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; metagenomics; Microcystis aeruginosa; molecular model; molecular networking; molecular weight; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; protein methylation; tandem mass spectrometry; toxin structure; United States; analysis; chemistry; cyanobacterium; genetics; liquid chromatography; metagenome; methylation; Microcystis; procedures; standard; tandem mass spectrometry; Washington; Seattle; United States; Washington [United States]; algae; Cyanobacteria; Microcystis aeruginosa; Chromatography, Liquid; Cyanobacteria; Harmful Algal Bloom; Lakes; Metagenome; Methylation; Microcystins; Microcystis; Reference Standards; RNA, Ribosomal; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Washington