Guzmán-Guillén, R; Prieto Ortega, AI; Moyano, R; Blanco, A; Vasconcelos, V; Cameán, AM; ,
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cytotoxin highly water-soluble, which is easily taken up by several aquatic organisms. CYN acts as a potent protein and glutathione synthesis inhibitor, as well as inducing genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations. This is the first study reporting the protective effect of a l-carnitine (LC) pretreatment (400 or 880 mg LC/kg bw fish/day, for 21 days) on the histopathological alterations induced by pure CYN or Aphanizomenon ovalisporum lyophilized cells (400 µg CYN/kg bw fish) in liver, kidney, heart, intestines, and gills of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) acutely exposed to the toxin by oral route. The main histopathological changes induced by CYN were disorganized parenchyma with presence of glycogen and lipids in the cytoplasm (liver), glomerulonephritis, glomerular atrophy, and dilatation of Bowman's capsule (kidney), myofibrolysis, loss of myofibrils, with edema and hemorrhage (heart), intestinal villi with necrotic enterocytes and partial loss of microvilli (gastrointestinal tract), and hyperemia and hemorrhage (gills). LC pretreatment was able to totally prevent those CYN-induced alterations from 400 mg LC/kg bw fish/day in almost all organs, except in the heart, where 880 mg LC/kg bw fish/day were needed. In addition, the morphometric study indicated that LC managed to recover totally the affectation in the cross sections of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules in CYN-exposed fish. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 241-254, 2017.
aphanizomenon ovalisporum; cylindrospermopsin; histopathology; l-carnitine; tilapia; Aquatic organisms; Biosynthesis; Cytology; Aphanizomenon ovalisporum; Cylindrospermopsin; Histopathology; L-carnitine; Tilapia; Fish; carnitine; cylindrospermopsin; glycogen; lipid; bacterial toxin; carnitine; cylindrospermopsin; protective agent; uracil; water pollutant; cichlid; cyanobacterium; cytology; cytoplasm; diet; genotoxicity; histopathology; inhibitor; morphometry; oxidative stress; protein; toxin; animal experiment; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; Article; bleeding; Bowman capsule; controlled study; cytoplasm; diet supplementation; freeze drying; genotoxicity; gill; glomerulonephritis; glutathione metabolism; heart; histopathology; hyperemia; intestine; intestine cell; kidney; kidney distal tubule; liver; muscle fibril; nonhuman; Oreochromis niloticus; oxidative stress; priority journal; analogs and derivatives; animal; Aphanizomenon; cardiac muscle; cichlid; diet; drug effects; electron microscopy; metabolism; oxidative stress; pathology; toxicity; water pollutant; Aphanizomenon ovalisporum; Oreochromis niloticus; Tilapia; Animals; Aphanizomenon; Bacterial Toxins; Carnitine; Cichlids; Diet; Gills; Heart; Kidney; Liver; Microscopy, Electron; Myocardium; Oxidative Stress; Protective Agents; Uracil; Water Pollutants