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7425617 
Journal Article 
Recent findings of paralytic shellfish toxins linked to the genus Alexandrium Halim in Mediterranean mollusc production areas 
Bazzoni, AM; Cangini, M; Mudadu, AG; Lorenzoni, G; Arras, I; Sanna, G; Pino, F; Milandri, A; Virgilio, S; , 
2020 
1 
Toxicon
ISSN: 0041-0101
EISSN: 1879-3150 
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD 
OXFORD 
174 
48-56 
English 
31989929 
WOS:000512221400008 
Paralytic shellfish poisoning is a human intoxication syndrome associated with the consumption of seafood that has been contaminated with paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), a group of natural neurotoxic alkaloids produced by marine dinoflagellates, including some Alexandrium species. This study presents findings of PSTs in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) during 2018-2019 in several mollusc production areas of Sardinia (Italy, western Mediterranean). Investigations of the presence and abundance of PST-producing microalgal species in marine water and of the toxins associated with shellfish were carried out concomitantly. Overall, the results suggested a spatio-temporal expansion of Alexandriumpacificum and Alexandriumminutum in recent years, with an increasing number of PSTs present in molluscs and increased occurrences of toxicity cases. Liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection determined the toxin profile to be composed primarily of the carbamate gonyautoxin-5 and N-sulphocarbamoyltoxins 1 and 2. The study highlights the potential high risk to consumers of poisoning by bivalve molluscs bred in Sardinia, where shellfish production is a very important industrial sector. For this reason, routine monitoring is strongly recommended in order to mitigate any harm to human health as well as negative socio-economic consequences. 
Alexandrium minutum; Alexandrium pacificum; PSP toxin profile; Sardinia; Shellfish; carbamate gonyautoxin 5; n sulphocarbamoyltoxin; sea water; shellfish toxin; unclassified drug; voltage gated sodium channel blocking agent; marine toxin; shellfish poisoning; Alexandrium; Alexandrium minutum; Alexandrium pacificum; Article; consumer; fluorescence analysis; Italy; liquid chromatography; Mytilus galloprovincialis; nonhuman; paralytic shellfish poisoning; population abundance; priority journal; animal; aquaculture; dinoflagellate; human; mollusc; Mytilus; shellfish; Animals; Aquaculture; Dinoflagellida; Humans; Italy; Marine Toxins; Mollusca; Mytilus; Shellfish; Shellfish Poisoning 
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