US EPA

7425752 

Journal Article 

Review 

Toxic influence of organophosphate, carbamate, and organochlorine pesticides on cellular metabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates: a systematic review 

Karami-Mohajeri, S; Abdollahi, M; , 

2011 

Yes 

Human & Experimental Toxicology
ISSN: 0960-3271
EISSN: 1477-0903 

SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD 

LONDON 

30 

9 

1119-1140 

English 

21071550 

10.1177/0960327110388959 

WOS:000294473300001 

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0960327110388959
Exit
 

Pesticides, including organophosphate (OP), organochlorine (OC), and carbamate (CB) compounds, are widely used in agricultural and indoor purposes. OP and CB act as acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that affect lots of organs such as peripheral and central nervous systems, muscles, liver, pancreas, and brain, whereas OC are neurotoxic involved in alteration of ion channels. There are several reports about metabolic disorders, hyperglycemia, and also oxidative stress in acute and chronic exposures to pesticides that are linked with diabetes and other metabolic disorders. In this respect, there are several in vitro and in vivo but few clinical studies about mechanism underlying these effects. Bibliographic databases were searched for the years 1963-2010 and resulted in 1652 articles. After elimination of duplicates or irrelevant papers, 204 papers were included and reviewed. Results indicated that OP and CB impair the enzymatic pathways involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein within cytoplasm, mitochondria, and proxisomes. It is believed that OP and CB show this effect through inhibition of AChE or affecting target organs directly. OC mostly affect lipid metabolism in the adipose tissues and change glucose pathway in other cells. As a shared mechanism, all OP, CB and OC induce cellular oxidative stress via affecting mitochondrial function and therefore disrupt neuronal and hormonal status of the body. Establishing proper epidemiological studies to explore exact relationships between exposure levels to these pesticides and rate of resulted metabolic disorders in human will be helpful. 

carbamate; hyperglycemia; organochlorines; organophosphates; oxidative stress; pesticide; review; 1,1 dichloro 2,2 bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethylene; 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo para dioxin; acephate; acetylcholinesterase; acetylcysteine; alpha tocopherol; ascorbic acid; beta hexachlorocyclohexane; buthionine sulfoximine; carbamate pesticide; carbofuran; carbohydrate; dimethoate; dimpylate; fenitrothion; hexachlorobiphenyl; interleukin 10; lipid; melatonin; nonachlor; organochlorine pesticide; organophosphate pesticide; pentoxifylline; piperonyl butoxide; polychlorinated biphenyl; protein; rolipram; selenium; unindexed drug; zinc; acute pancreatitis; adipose tissue; antioxidant activity; blood; brain; cancer mortality; carbohydrate metabolism; cell metabolism; cell protection; cell stress; central nervous system; cytoplasm; diabetes mellitus; diet supplementation; diet therapy; environmental exposure; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibition; first trimester pregnancy; gluconeogenesis; glucose blood level; glucose intolerance; glucose utilization; glucosuria; glycogen synthesis; glycolysis; human; hyperglycemia; hypoglycemia; in vitro study; in vivo study; insulin release; insulin resistance; intracellular signaling; lactate blood level; lethal dose; lipid metabolism; liver; liver injury; liver microsome; metabolic disorder; metabolic syndrome X; mitochondrion; muscle; neurotoxicity; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; nonhuman; oxidative stress; pancreas; pancreas cancer; pancreas disease; pancreas injury; peripheral nerve; peroxisome; pregnancy diabetes mellitus; priority journal; protein metabolism; review; Animals; Carbamates; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Databases, Bibliographic; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Lipid Metabolism; Metabolic Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Pesticides; Phosphoric Acid Esters; Proteins