US EPA

7425849 

Journal Article 

Review 

Chronic and Acute Toxicities of Aflatoxins: Mechanisms of Action 

Benkerroum, N; , 

2020 

Yes 

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
ISSN: 1661-7827
EISSN: 1660-4601 

MDPI 

BASEL 

17 

2 

423 

English 

31936320 

10.3390/ijerph17020423 

WOS:000516827400044 

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/2/423
Exit
 

There are presently more than 18 known aflatoxins most of which have been insufficiently studied for their incidence, health-risk, and mechanisms of toxicity to allow effective intervention and control means that would significantly and sustainably reduce their incidence and adverse effects on health and economy. Among these, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been by far the most studied; yet, many aspects of the range and mechanisms of the diseases it causes remain to be elucidated. Its mutagenicity, tumorigenicity, and carcinogenicity-which are the best known-still suffer from limitations regarding the relative contribution of the oxidative stress and the reactive epoxide derivative (Aflatoxin-exo 8,9-epoxide) in the induction of the diseases, as well as its metabolic and synthesis pathways. Additionally, despite the well-established additive effects for carcinogenicity between AFB1 and other risk factors, e.g., hepatitis viruses B and C, and the hepatotoxic algal microcystins, the mechanisms of this synergy remain unclear. This study reviews the most recent advances in the field of the mechanisms of toxicity of aflatoxins and the adverse health effects that they cause in humans and animals. 

Acute toxicity; Aflatoxins; Carcinogenicity; Genotoxicity; Immunogenicity; Tumorigenicity; 4 hydroxynonenal; 4 oxo 2 nonenal; 8 oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1; acrolein; aflatoxin; aflatoxin B1; aflatoxin B1 exo 8,9 epoxide; aldehyde derivative; cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1; cytochrome P450; DNA glycosyltransferase; malonaldehyde; unclassified drug; aflatoxin; mutagenic agent; teratogenic agent; carcinogen; concentration (composition); genotoxicity; health risk; immunity; toxicity; toxin; tumor; acute toxicity; adaptive immunity; apoptosis; cancer risk; cell cycle progression; cytotoxicity; degenerative disease; dietary intake; disease association; DNA damage; gene mutation; genetic polymorphism; genotoxicity; health hazard; Hepatitis B virus; humoral immunity; immune deficiency; immunostimulation; immunosuppressive treatment; immunotoxicity; innate immunity; lipid peroxidation; liver cancer; long term exposure; malnutrition; mutagenicity; nutritional disorder; oxidative stress; Review; teratogenicity; toxicity; toxin analysis; tumor suppressor gene; animal; chronic disease; drug effect; human; immune system; neoplasm; algae; Animalia; Aflatoxins; Animals; Chronic Disease; Humans; Immune System; Mutagens; Neoplasms; Teratogens