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Citation
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HERO ID
7427162
Reference Type
Journal Article
Subtype
Review
Title
On the chemistry, toxicology and genetics of the cyanobacterial toxins, microcystin, nodularin, saxitoxin and cylindrospermopsin
Author(s)
Pearson, L; Mihali, T; Moffitt, M; Kellmann, R; Neilan, B; ,
Year
2010
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Marine Drugs
ISSN:
1660-3397
EISSN:
16603397
Publisher
MDPI
Location
BASEL
Volume
8
Issue
5
Page Numbers
1650-1680
Language
English
PMID
20559491
DOI
10.3390/md8051650
Web of Science Id
WOS:000278092400007
URL
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/8/5/1650
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Abstract
The cyanobacteria or "blue-green algae", as they are commonly termed, comprise a diverse group of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria that inhabit a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial environments, and display incredible morphological diversity. Many aquatic, bloom-forming species of cyanobacteria are capable of producing biologically active secondary metabolites, which are highly toxic to humans and other animals. From a toxicological viewpoint, the cyanotoxins span four major classes: the neurotoxins, hepatotoxins, cytotoxins, and dermatoxins (irritant toxins). However, structurally they are quite diverse. Over the past decade, the biosynthesis pathways of the four major cyanotoxins: microcystin, nodularin, saxitoxin and cylindrospermopsin, have been genetically and biochemically elucidated. This review provides an overview of these biosynthesis pathways and additionally summarizes the chemistry and toxicology of these remarkable secondary metabolites.
Keywords
Alkaloid; Cyanotoxin; Non-ribosomal peptide; Polyketide; Toxicology; amino acid derivative; bacterial enzyme; bacterial protein; bacterial toxin; cyanobacterial toxin; cyanotoxin derivative; cylindrospermopsin; microcystin; nodularin; peptide derivative; saxitoxin; saxitoxin derivative; unclassified drug; bacterial toxin; cyanobacterial toxin; cyclopeptide; cylindrospermopsin; marine toxin; microcystin; nodularin; saxitoxin; uracil; animal disease; bacterial gene; bacterial genetics; bacterial strain; biochemistry; biodiversity; biosynthesis; carcinogenicity; cyanobacterium; cytotoxicity; detoxification; environmental factor; food contamination; food poisoning; genetic transcription; health hazard; human; intoxication; liver cell carcinoma; liver toxicity; metabolite; molecular evolution; neurotoxicity; nonhuman; review; skin toxicity; skin tumor; toxicokinetics; toxin analysis; toxin structure; toxin synthesis; water contamination; analogs and derivatives; animal; chemistry; genetics; isolation and purification; metabolism; toxicity; Animalia; Chlorophyta; Cyanobacteria; Animals; Bacterial Toxins; Cyanobacteria; Genes, Bacterial; Marine Toxins; Microcystins; Peptides, Cyclic; Saxitoxin; Uracil
Tags
Other
•
Harmful Algal Blooms- Health Effects
April 2021 Literature Search
PubMed
WOS
Scopus
Nodularins
PubMed
WOS
Microcystins
Not Date Limited
PubMed
WOS
Cylindrospermopsin
Not Date Limited
PubMed
WOS
Saxitoxins
PubMed
WOS
Selected References March 2021
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