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HERO ID
7430087
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
TET-mediated active DNA demethylation: mechanism, function and beyond
Author(s)
Wu, X; Zhang, Y; ,
Year
2017
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Nature Reviews. Genetics
ISSN:
1471-0056
EISSN:
1471-0064
Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
Location
LONDON
Page Numbers
517-534
Language
English
PMID
28555658
DOI
10.1038/nrg.2017.33
Web of Science Id
WOS:000407805600005
URL
http://www.nature.com/articles/nrg.2017.33
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Abstract
In mammals, DNA methylation in the form of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) can be actively reversed to unmodified cytosine (C) through TET dioxygenase-mediated oxidation of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), followed by replication-dependent dilution or thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG)-dependent base excision repair. In the past few years, biochemical and structural studies have revealed mechanistic insights into how TET and TDG mediate active DNA demethylation. Additionally, many regulatory mechanisms of this process have been identified. Technological advances in mapping and tracing the oxidized forms of 5mC allow further dissection of their functions. Furthermore, the biological functions of active DNA demethylation in various biological contexts have also been revealed. In this Review, we summarize the recent advances and highlight key unanswered questions.
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