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HERO ID
7456395
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Author(s)
Chen, Z; Tian, R; She, Z; Cai, J; Li, H
Year
2020
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Free Radical Biology and Medicine
ISSN:
0891-5849
EISSN:
1873-4596
Volume
152
Page Numbers
116-141
DOI
10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.025
URL
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891584919315151
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and is strongly associated with the presence of oxidative stress. Disturbances in lipid metabolism lead to hepatic lipid accumulation, which affects different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and NADPH oxidase. Mitochondrial function adapts to NAFLD mainly through the downregulation of the electron transport chain (ETC) and the preserved or enhanced capacity of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, which stimulates ROS overproduction within different ETC components upstream of cytochrome c oxidase. However, non-ETC sources of ROS, in particular, fatty acid β-oxidation, appear to produce more ROS in hepatic metabolic diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and NADPH oxidase alterations are also associated with NAFLD, but the degree of their contribution to oxidative stress in NAFLD remains unclear. Increased ROS generation induces changes in insulin sensitivity and in the expression and activity of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. Moreover, the interaction between redox signaling and innate immune signaling forms a complex network that regulates inflammatory responses. Based on the mechanistic view described above, this review summarizes the mechanisms that may account for the excessive production of ROS, the potential mechanistic roles of ROS that drive NAFLD progression, and therapeutic interventions that are related to oxidative stress.
Keywords
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Oxidative stress; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Endoplasmic reticulum stress; Lipid metabolism; Insulin resistance; Innate immunity
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