US EPA

7457028 

Journal Article 

Chemical toxins that cause seizures 

Jett, DA 

2012 

1 

NeuroToxicology
ISSN: 0161-813X
EISSN: 1872-9711 

33 

6 

1473-1475 

English 

10.1016/j.neuro.2012.10.005 

Seizurogenic chemicals include a variety of toxic agents, including chemical warfare agents, toxic industrial chemicals, and natural toxins. Chemical weapons such as sarin and VX, and pesticides such as parathion and carbaryl cause hyperstimulation of cholinergic receptors and an increase in excitatory neurotransmission. Glutamatergic hyperstimulation can occur after exposure to excitatory amino acid toxins such as the marine toxin domoic acid. Other pesticides such as lindane and strychnine do not affect excitatory neurotransmission directly, but rather, they block the inhibitory regulation of neurotransmission by antagonism of inhibitory GABA and glycine synapses. In this paper, chemicals that cause seizures by a variety of molecular mechanisms and pathways are discussed. © 2012. 

Chemical toxins; Mechanisms; Seizures; alpha amino 3 hydroxy 5 methyl 4 isoxazolepropionic acid; carbamate pesticide; chemical agent; chemical warfare agent; chlorphenotane; cholinesterase inhibitor; cyanide; diazepam; domoic acid; excitatory amino acid; excitotoxin; insecticide; lorazepam; marine toxin; methylphosphonothioic acid s (2 diisopropylaminoethyl) o ethyl ester; midazolam; n methyl dextro aspartic acid; organochlorine pesticide; organophosphate pesticide; pesticide; pyrethroid; sarin; article; clinical trial (topic); epileptic state; human; molecular mechanics; neuropathology; neurotoxicity; neurotransmission; nonhuman; priority journal; seizure; signal transduction; Animals; Chemical Warfare Agents; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cyanides; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants; Humans; Ion Channels; Neurons; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Occupational Exposure; Pesticides; Risk Factors; Seizures; Synaptic Transmission; Strychnos toxifera