Rapidly growing economy and its consequence of relying heavily on the fossil fuels, for power generation, accounts for the major CO2 pollutant in the atmosphere. Natural carbon cycle process will not be effective in reducing the pollutant content, as the amount and rate of CO2 dissipation raise at a drastic rate. This alarming situation urgently requires technologies for carbon dioxide capture and sequestering (CCS). With the development of technologies every day, the amount of CO2 emission is expected to increase steeply, which necessitates more technologies to sequester CO2 with a target of 50 ppm by 2050. CCS involves the capture of gas at some stage of the industrial process followed by pressurization and transporting it to stable geological sites like saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas fields, deep coal seams where it can be trapped for thousands of years. CO2 sequestration requires multiple fundamental R&D approaches and significant breakthroughs. The purpose of this review is to have an integrated analysis of the carbon sequestration process including the state of the art technologies for CO2 capture, separation, transport, storage, leakage, monitoring, and life cycle analysis. Depending on the source of emission, different techniques and methodologies adopted by the scientific community were analyzed and discussed. A brief description of the best practices and techniques for CO2 capturing like absorption, adsorption, cryogenic, and membranes will be reviewed. A comparative study on the same will be analyzed based on their performance, efficiency, regeneration, adsorption rate, the volume of adsorption, cost, and energy required for regeneration. Some of the prerequisites for sequestering the captured carbon dioxide are safety, environmentally benign, effective, economical, and acceptable to the public. Natural sequestration methods include plantation, soil carbon sequestration, and CH4-CO2 reforming. Industrially acceptable sequestration process involves isolating the captured gas into places which are nonaccessible to living creatures which include basically geologic, oceanic, and terrestrial dumping sites. All the three geoengineering techniques and their subdivisions will be discussed in detail with up to date improvisations and results. Moreover, the concerns related to potential leakages while transporting supercritical CO2, uncertainty in terms of quantification of storage potential, accompanied by monitoring and engineering challenges have to be given prior attention in developing any sequestration process, which this review will give an overall picture and suggestions. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019. All Rights Reserved.
Afforestation and reforestation (AR); Albedo modification; Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS); Carbamate; Carbon dioxide capture sequestration (CCS)& Carbon cycle; Chemical looping combustion (CLC); Cryogenic process; Direct air capture and storage (DAC); Enhanced weathering (EW); Geological sequestration; Greenhouse gas; International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); Iron fertilization; Membranes ·Carbonaceous material; Metal oxide; Metal oxide frameworks (MOF); Negative Emission Technology (NET); Ocean fertilization (OF); Paris agreement; Polyethyleneimine(PEI); Postcombustion; Precombustion; Silicate weathering; Soil carbon sequestration (SCS); Adsorption; Aquifers; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide process; Chemical modification; Climate change; Coal combustion; Coal deposits; Coal transportation; Cryogenics; Economic and social effects; Economics; Fossil fuels; Gas industry; Greenhouse gases; Hydrogeology; Life cycle; Metallic compounds; Metals; Offshore gas fields; Petroleum transportation; Pollution; Precombustion; Reforestation; Silicates; Storage (materials); Weathering; Afforestation and reforestation (AR); Air captures; Albedo modification; Bio-energy; Carbamate; Carbon cycles; Carbonaceous materials; Chemical-looping combustion; Cryogenic process; Emission technology; Enhanced weathering (EW); Geological sequestration; International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); Iron fertilization; Metal oxides; Metal-oxide frameworks; Ocean fertilization; Polyethyleneimine; Post-combustion; Silicate weathering; Soil carbon sequestration; Carbon capture