US EPA

7489869 

Journal Article 

On the origin of antibiotics and mycotoxins 

Shier, WT 

2011 

1 

Toxin Reviews
ISSN: 1556-9543 

30 

1 

6-30 

English 

10.3109/15569543.2011.550862 

Antibiotics and mycotoxins share many remarkable similarities in structure, metabolic roles and biosynthesis, indicating their differences are primarily in the minds and economies of man, not the perspectives of producing organisms. Antibiotic/mycotoxin biosynthetic gene packages appear to have been assembled by transposon-mediated processes combining genes acquired horizontally from plants and other soil microbes with genes from the producing organism'-s own genome. Probable gene sources include those for the synthesis and secretion of plant phytoalexins, toxins, allelochemicals, pheromones, germination inhibitors and pigments, and bacterial quorum-sensors and siderophores. Understanding antibiotic origins may assist in the discovery and creation of new antibiotics. © 2011 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 

active efflux protein; allelochemical; Biosynthesis; phytoalexin; siderophore; transposon; acetogenin; aflatoxin B; antibiotic agent; bacitracin; camalexin; clindamycin; fumonisin B1; fusidic acid; gliotoxin; leptomycin B; macrolide; methoxsalen; monensin; mycotoxin; nodularin; ochratoxin; okadaic acid; penicillin G; pheromone; phytoalexin; pigment; polyether; resveratrol; rifamycin B; roridin A; siderophore; tetracycline; unindexed drug; wortmannin; zearalenone; antibiotic biosynthesis; Aspergillus fumigatus; Bacillus subtilis; chemical structure; DNA packaging; DNA transfer; gene cluster; gene control; germination; Haemophilus influenzae; herbivory; liver; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; nonhuman; Penicillium; quorum sensing; review; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Streptomyces; transposon; Bacteria (microorganisms)