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7567197 
Journal Article 
New biocide with both N-chloramine and quaternary ammonium moieties exerts enhanced bactericidal activity 
Li, L; Pu, T; Zhanel, G; Zhao, N; Ens, W; Liu, S 
2012 
1 
Advanced Healthcare Materials
EISSN: 2192-2659 
1 
5 
609-620 
English 
23184796 
Considering the rise of antibiotic resistance, the development of new antibacterial agents with improved biocidal functions is urgently required. In this study, ionic 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) analogues containing either a quaternary ammonium moiety (2)-4) or a phosphonate functional group (5),-6), were designed and synthesized to investigate the possible enhancing effect of quaternary ammonium moieties on the antibacterial performance of N-chloramines. These ionic DMH analogues were converted to their N-chloramine counterparts either in free form or after being covalently immobilized on a polymer surface via the "click" chemistry method. In the subsequent antimicrobial assessment against multi-drug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDR-E. coli) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), chlorinated 2 and 3, the cyclic N-chloramines with a structural cation, exhibited distinctly enhanced biocidal functions in solution and after immobilization on surfaces.