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7568348 
Journal Article 
Effect of oximes on the acute toxicity of anticholinesterase carbamates 
Natoff, I; Reiff, B; , 
1973 
1 
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
ISSN: 0041-008X
EISSN: 1096-0333 
25 
4 
569-575 
English 
The acute toxicities of eight anticholinesterase carbamates were determined in male rats by sc injection, both in the absence and in the presence of therapeutically administered atropine sulfate or pyridinium oximes. Atropine reduced the toxicities of all carbamates, and the oximes obidoxime and P2S, when used in combination with atropine, generally enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of atropine. When used alone, the oximes also reduced the toxicity of carbamates by varying degrees. However, an exception was seen in the case of carbaryl. Here, the therapeutic administration of oximes markedly increased the toxicity, and when used in combination with atropine, obidoxime markedly reduced the protection afforded by the alkaloid. The influence of obidoxime and P2S on the inhibition of cholinesterase in vitro by the carbamates was measured, and it was found that they influenced the anticholinesterase activity of the carbamates in a pattern similar to their effect on the toxicity of the carbamates. It is concluded that a causal relationship exists between the toxicity of carbamates and factors affecting their anticholinesterase activity. The increased toxicity and the anticholinesterase activity of carbaryl in the presence of the oximes are unique to this carbamate among those studied. © 1973. 
3,4,5 trimethylphenyl methylcarbamate; aldicarb; atropine; carbamic acid; carbaril; cholinesterase; dimethyl sulfoxide; neostigmine; obidoxime; oxime; p 2s; physostigmine; pralidoxime mesilate; unclassified drug; wl 18236; wl 19701; wl 21959; 1,2 dithia 5,8 diazacyclodecane technetium tc 99m; 3,4,5 trimethylphenyl methylcarbamate; acacia; drug comparison; drug inhibition; drug toxicity; gamma dichroine; intoxication; intraperitoneal drug administration; pyridinium oxime; rat; subcutaneous drug administration; theoretical study; trigonelloside; Animal; Atropine; Carbamates; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Germ-Free Life; In Vitro; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Neostigmine; Oximes; Physostigmine; Pyridinium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains 
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