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7622414 
Journal Article 
Deep-blue Organic Light-emitting Diodes: From Fluorophores to Phosphors for High-efficiency Devices 
Dumur, F; , 
2016 
SCRIVENER PUBLISHING LLC 
BEVERLY 
ADVANCED SURFACE ENGINEERING MATERIALS 
561-634 
WOS:000471068300014 
Since the pioneer work of Tang and Vanslyke, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have focused a great interest due to their potential application in flat-panel displays. To become commercial products, development of highly efficient emitters of the three primary (red, green, and blue) colors is crucial. So far, design of highly efficient deep-blue emitters is still a challenge. In practice, their intrinsically wide bandgaps and the mismatch of their energy levels with those of the adjacent layers render highly emissive devices difficult to fabricate. Fluorescent and phosphorescent deep-blue emitters that meet the demands of color saturation from the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) standards are still scarce. In this chapter, an overview of all fluorescent and phosphorescent small molecule emitters with a CIE y-coordinate <= 0.1 is reported. Future perspectives and ongoing challenges for deep-blue emitters are also discussed. 
Tiwari, A; Wang, R; Wei, B; 
978-1-119-31415-8