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7622959 
Journal Article 
A large, ultra-black, efficient and cost-effective dye-sensitized solar module approaching 12% overall efficiency under 1000 lux indoor light 
Tsai, MChi; Wang, CLi; Chang, CWen; Hsu, CWei; Hsiao, YuH; Liu, CLin; Wang, CChi; Lin, ShrYau; Lin, CYao; , 
2018 
1 
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
ISSN: 2050-7488
EISSN: 2050-7496 
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY 
CAMBRIDGE 
1995-2003 
WOS:000423981200010 
Three novel anthracene-based organic dyes, denoted as AN-11, AN-12 and AN-14, were synthesized for outdoor and indoor dye-sensitized solar cell studies. Laboratory-fabricated small cells, as well as rigid and flexible modules, were prepared and analyzed for their photovoltaic performance under simulated outdoor and indoor conditions. Owing to the panchromatic absorption of visible light, the AN-11 module gives rise to a very black color and superior photovoltaic performance. Significantly, the AN-11 rigid module with a large active area of 26.80 cm(2) outperforms its Z907 counterpart under indoor conditions, reaching an overall efficiency of 11.94% under 1000 lux of T5 fluorescent light. In addition, the AN-11 module exhibits good stability during weather stress tests. Finally, the AN-11 dye is cost-effective and our studies show that the photovoltaic performance of the solar cells is not affected upon lowering the synthetic cost and increasing the synthetic scale.